If you're a coach or agency looking to expand your revenue without adding more hours to your calendar, building an online course is one of the smartest moves you can make.
But, many course creators get stuck trying to guess what content will sell, how niche is “too niche,” or how to balance depth with accessibility. It’s even harder when you’re juggling client work or running a team.
It's a good thing that you don’t need a massive audience or a fully automated funnel to start. What you do need is clarity on what your audience is struggling with and how your knowledge solves that in a structured way.
If you're ready to create courses that position your brand as an authority, support your audience at scale, and generate income beyond your service capacity, it all starts with a solid idea.
In this guide, you’ll find a collection of relevant, strategic course ideas based on real demand and current trends to help you identify the perfect direction for your next digital product.
What Makes Online Courses a Profitable Path?
People of all ages and backgrounds are turning to online courses to learn how to start side businesses, master hobbies, and learn from trusted creators.
As someone who already delivers value to clients, you’re in a strong position to turn your expertise into a digital product. An online course allows you to serve more people at once while freeing up time to focus on strategy or client work.
What makes this model profitable is its ability to scale without requiring direct involvement every time a new customer comes in. Instead of repeating the same lessons in one-on-one settings, you can guide people through a structured learning experience that mirrors the quality of your service.
Courses are often used as a lead generator, a mid-tier offer, or a standalone product. They can fit within your business model in more than one way. When done well, they don’t just generate income but also build trust and long-term visibility.
Perhaps most importantly, online courses give you complete control over the experience you’re offering. You set the pace, choose the format, and design content around what your audience needs.

And in a market that increasingly values flexibility, expertise, and digital-first learning, that’s a path worth investing in. So, if you’ve been thinking of sharing your knowledge, now is the best time to begin!
270 Best Online Course Ideas by Niche
When it comes to selecting the right online course topics, sometimes it helps to see what others are creating and what’s working. Below are proven course categories with real-world relevance and steady demand.
Business and Entrepreneurship
Business courses attract learners who want to work for themselves, build a brand, or create an income stream outside of traditional employment. These learners want clear, actionable steps they can follow to see results quickly.
You can use the following ideas to build your business and entrepreneurship courses:
- Starting a freelance business
- Launching a Shopify store
- Selling digital products
- Writing a business plan
- Building a personal brand
- Creating and marketing a blog
- Starting a consulting service
- Launching an Etsy store
- Making passive income with affiliate links
- Creating and selling eBooks
- Setting up a home-based business
- Budgeting and forecasting for entrepreneurs
- Legal tips for small business owners
- Pricing your products or services
- Managing business expenses
Marketing and Sales
Marketing and sales courses are popular among creators, small business owners, and freelancers. These learners are looking for strategies that help them get more visibility, attract leads, and increase conversions.
The list below offers ideas for creating online courses in marketing and sales:
- Instagram growth strategies
- TikTok content for brands
- Email list building
- Running Facebook Ads
- Creating lead magnets
- Writing high-converting copy
- Using Pinterest for traffic
- Building sales funnels
- Customer psychology basics
- Cold outreach for service providers
- Creating a content calendar
- Blog SEO for beginners
- Using Google Analytics
- Email marketing automation
- Selling with webinars
Technology and Programming
People who enroll in tech courses often want to upgrade their skills for better job opportunities or to build something themselves. These courses should be practical and step-by-step, with real applications.
The following topics work well for great online course ideas in technology:
- Python for beginners
- HTML and CSS basics
- Building your first website
- JavaScript fundamentals
- Web development for side projects
- Using ChatGPT for business tasks
- Task automation with Zapier
- Advanced Excel skills
- App building with no-code tools
- API integrations for beginners
- Understanding SQL and databases
- Building a WordPress site
- Google Sheets formulas and tips
- Cybersecurity fundamentals
- AI tools for daily work
Creative Arts and Design
Creative courses attract learners looking to explore hobbies, start a creative career, or offer design services. These topics are especially popular with visual learners and makers.
These options are well-suited for arts and crafts courses:
- Graphic design with Canva
- Drawing for beginners
- Painting with acrylics or watercolors
- Crafting and DIY projects
- Home decorating on a budget
- Photo editing with Lightroom
- Logo design for small brands
- Digital illustration with Procreate
- Creating brand kits
- Simple animations for social media
- Nail design basics
- Typography and layout skills
- Customizing digital planners
- Shooting and editing videos
- Photography for Instagram
Health and Wellness
Wellness learners often want to build routines that help them feel better physically and mentally. These courses should be approachable, realistic, and built around progress.
Here are some strong directions for online health topics:
- Home workouts without equipment
- Yoga for beginners
- Breathwork for stress
- Meal planning for busy people
- Building healthier eating habits
- Meditation for better focus
- Walking for mental health
- 30-day wellness challenges
- Low-impact workouts
- Creating a morning routine
- Better sleep practices
- Hormone-friendly eating
- Journaling for mental clarity
- Mindful living habits
- Holistic approaches to health
Finance and Money Management
Courses about personal finance continue to attract a wide audience, such as students, families, and new entrepreneurs alike. These learners want help simplifying complex topics and managing their money wisely.
This list offers topics to help students interested in money online:
- Budgeting basics
- Tracking expenses with spreadsheets
- Building good credit
- Planning for retirement
- Saving for big purchases
- Beginner investing
- Tax tips for freelancers
- Creating financial goals
- Using apps to manage money
- How to start saving early
- Managing student loans
- Debt repayment planning
- Minimalist budgeting
- Finance for teens and young adults
- Money mindset shifts
Career and Professional Skills
Career-focused learners want to improve how they present themselves, develop key workplace skills, or prepare for new job roles. These courses should include real-world examples and tools that can be used right away.
These content suggestions are perfect for career courses:
- Writing resumes that get noticed
- Job interview preparation
- Excel for workplace productivity
- Creating presentations with PowerPoint
- Writing professional emails
- How to get a remote job
- Leadership for new managers
- Conflict resolution at work
- Public speaking for professionals
- Organizing your workday
- Networking with confidence
- Time management at work
- LinkedIn profile optimization
- Negotiating salary offers
- Professional goal setting
Language and Communication
Language and communication courses are ideal for personal and professional growth. Learners often take language courses to gain fluency or improve clarity in speaking and writing.
These subjects can help you develop meaningful language and communication courses:
- English as a second language
- Conversational Spanish
- Pronunciation and accent practice
- Business English for professionals
- Clear writing for work
- Public speaking without fear
- Everyday French for travelers
- Grammar refreshers
- Communication skills for teams
- Writing better social media captions
- How to start learning a new language
- Listening and comprehension practice
- Interviewing in a second language
- Cross-cultural communication tips
- Daily speaking routines
Personal Development
Self-improvement courses attract people who want to build structure and better habits. These work well on many online learning platforms because they appeal to both new and returning users.
You can follow one of these paths in your course creation process:
- Productivity planning
- Goal setting and tracking
- Time management habits
- Self-confidence coaching
- Mindset resets for daily life
- Overcoming procrastination
- Creating vision boards
- Habit tracking for consistency
- Building personal routines
- Focusing without distractions
- Organizing your digital life
- Minimalism at home
- Letting go of perfectionism
- Emotional regulation strategies
- Reflection and journaling practices
Hobbies and DIY
Hobby learners enjoy relaxing or trying something creative on the side. These topics are easy to promote through social media platforms and newsletters.
The ideas shown here fit well with most crafts courses:
- Baking sourdough bread
- Home gardening for small spaces
- Learning guitar from scratch
- Watercolor painting
- Crocheting for beginners
- Basic woodworking
- Cake decorating
- Sewing simple clothes
- Calligraphy and hand lettering
- Building birdhouses
- Soap making at home
- Basic candle making
- DIY home repair
- Making your own jewelry
- How to create a scrapbook
Pet Care and Training
This niche is perfect for pet owners, animal lovers, or professionals offering services for animals. Courses can focus on daily care, behavior training, and health routines for dogs, cats, and other pets.
You can base your dog training course on one of these models:
- House-training a new puppy
- Obedience training for adult dogs
- Homemade pet food basics
- Grooming your dog at home
- First-aid for pets
- Understanding cat behavior
- Crate training without stress
- Starting a dog-walking business
- Pet sitting 101
- Traveling with pets safely
- Pet nutrition for beginners
- Socializing pets with other animals
- Reading pet food labels
- How to care for a senior pet
- Understanding pet insurance options
Relationships and Family Life
These course ideas serve couples, parents, and families looking to strengthen communication, create structure at home, or manage life transitions. Courses should offer empathy and actionable steps.
These formats provide a solid foundation for your relationship courses:
- Building trust in marriage
- Conflict resolution for couples
- Positive parenting practices
- Gentle discipline for toddlers
- Building routines for families
- Blended family support strategies
- Managing in-laws and boundaries
- Supporting emotional growth in kids
- Healthy communication at home
- Preparing for a new baby together
- Family budgeting and planning
- Creating quality time as a family
- Raising confident teenagers
- Co-parenting with respect
- Parenting without power struggles
Event Planning and Hosting
Courses in this niche appeal to creative professionals or anyone looking to organize events. The content often includes logistics, budgeting, and guest experience.
These examples offer a great starting point for your course business focused on events:
- Planning weddings from start to finish
- How to organize a virtual conference
- Budgeting for small events
- Creating timelines and checklists
- Event design and styling basics
- Vendor selection and coordination
- How to plan a birthday party
- Running a bridal shower or baby shower
- Hosting networking events
- Managing corporate retreats
- Planning events at home
- Handling last-minute changes
- Creating event proposals for clients
- Working with photographers and caterers
- Starting an event planning business
Agriculture and Homesteading
These courses target people who want to grow their own food, live more sustainably, or explore farming, even on a small scale. The niche is popular among rural homeowners and urban gardeners.
These methods can help turn your gardening course idea into a full structure:
- Growing vegetables in containers
- Soil health and composting basics
- Raising backyard chickens
- Seed saving techniques
- Introduction to permaculture
- Watering systems for small gardens
- Starting a homestead from scratch
- Home canning and food preservation
- Managing garden pests naturally
- Planning a seasonal planting calendar
- Building raised garden beds
- Growing fruit trees at home
- How to sell produce locally
- Creating a backyard greenhouse
- Urban homesteading for beginners
Real Estate and Home Buying
Real estate courses are helpful for first-time buyers, real estate professionals, or investors. This niche blends financial education with step-by-step walkthroughs of common property-related decisions.
These examples make it easier to start your real estate investing course:
- How to prepare for your first home purchase
- Understanding mortgage basics
- Reading real estate listings
- Common home-buying mistakes to avoid
- Budgeting for homeownership
- The home inspection process is explained
- How to get pre-approved for a loan
- Making competitive offers
- What to expect at closing
- Real estate investing for beginners
- Building passive income with a rental property
- Becoming a licensed real estate agent
- How to stage a home for sale
- Property tax basics
- Managing a rental property from home
Fitness and Sports
This category attracts learners who want to improve their physical health, build strength, or create a new routine. Instruction should be clear, safe, and broken down by ability level.
You can use these ideas to shape your fitness course:
- Strength training at home
- Stretching for flexibility
- Bodyweight exercises for beginners
- 30-day fitness challenge
- Low-impact routines
- Fitness planning for busy schedules
- Creating a warm-up and cool-down plan
- Meal prep for active lifestyles
- HIIT workouts for energy
- Prenatal and postnatal fitness
- Senior fitness routines
- Daily movement goals
- Tracking your progress with a journal
- Core training without equipment
- Balance training for better posture
Spirituality and Personal Growth
Courses in this niche help learners deepen their personal beliefs, find clarity, or establish regular habits for spiritual well-being.
You may consider these topics for your spirituality course:
- Meditation for clarity
- Journaling with intention
- Exploring spiritual traditions
- Energy cleansing rituals
- Introduction to chakras
- Daily affirmation practices
- Setting spiritual goals
- Mindful movement through yoga
- Guided visualization
- Moon phases and rituals
- Building a sacred space at home
- Creating a spiritual morning routine
- Balancing intuition and logic
- Gratitude as a spiritual practice
- Aligning habits with your values
Writing and Academics
Courses here support writers, bloggers, students, and professionals. The content can be focused on skill-building or academic success.
These course ideas work well in academic writing formats:
- Structuring an essay
- Citation and referencing
- Improving grammar and clarity
- Writing with purpose
- Research strategies for students
- Developing strong thesis statements
- Editing and proofreading
- Writing for scholarship applications
- Note-taking techniques
- Organizing research papers
- Writing under time limits
- Avoiding plagiarism
- Creating writing outlines
- Descriptive vs. analytical writing
- Improving transitions between paragraphs
Trending Online Course Topics in 2025
With digital learning becoming the standard for modern education, now is the perfect time for you to explore topics that align with rising trends and learner demand.
Here are trending course ideas for 2025 that you can start building now:
AI and ChatGPT Tutorials
Over the past few years, artificial intelligence has shifted from a tech niche to a practical tool used across industries. Tools like ChatGPT are now part of daily workflows for content creators, marketers, and developers.
A great course idea is to teach how to use AI for content generation, brainstorming, summarizing research, and automating repetitive tasks. The key is to focus on use cases so students leave with systems they can plug into their work immediately.
This topic is strong for professionals looking to work faster or increase their value at work. You could also tailor your lessons to niche groups: freelance writers, product managers, educators, or consultants.
Personal Branding on LinkedIn
As more professionals seek remote roles and freelance work, LinkedIn branding is becoming essential.
A course that shows learners how to optimize their profiles, post content strategically, and grow a network can attract both beginners and mid-career professionals. This is relevant to college students entering the workforce and freelancers building credibility.
You can teach people how to align their online presence with their career goals. Add modules on visual identity, write a strong bio, connect with industry leaders, and use LinkedIn’s newsletter or carousel features.
Sustainable Living and Eco-Habits
Minimalism, low-waste habits, and eco-conscious routines are growing trends among younger learners and working professionals aiming for balance. If you’re interested in building wellness courses, this is a powerful angle that combines lifestyle improvement with global awareness.
Your course might include simple habit-building strategies, organization tips, and eco-friendly shopping guides. Pairing educational content with printable templates, product reviews, or community challenges can increase long-term engagement.
For creators passionate about sustainability, this also opens up potential partnerships and affiliate revenue streams through recommended tools or brands.
Side Hustle Strategies That Work
The rise of digital side hustles has inspired new learners to seek freedom from 9-5 jobs.
The most effective courses in this space focus on realistic, low-barrier entry points such as freelancing, selling digital downloads, or running a profitable business from home.
You could show how to build your own website, set up a simple store, or use marketplaces like Etsy and Gumroad. Incorporating example basics like landing page templates, pricing calculators, or ad copy frameworks helps learners implement faster.
AI-Powered Marketing and SEO
Combining search engine optimization with AI tools gives creators and small businesses an edge in content creation, outreach, and visibility.
A course in this space can teach learners how to generate blog outlines, meta descriptions, and keyword-rich posts using tools like Surfer, Jasper, or ChatGPT.
This pairs well with social media marketing and is ideal for professionals building personal brands or marketing teams looking to save time.
You can also teach how to integrate this strategy into a website’s blog or funnel content, especially if the student is promoting a course, digital product, or affiliate program.
Data and Tech Skills for Beginners
Data science and programming courses continue to trend for a reason, as they’re applicable in every industry and offer high-paying career paths. But unlike boot camps, your course can offer a more flexible and beginner-friendly entry point.
You can create a curriculum that breaks down core concepts like data types, visualization, basic analysis, or writing Python scripts for small tasks. You don’t need to target experts, but rather people who want to learn how to use data for better decisions.
These skills also pair well with business analysis, marketing strategy, or e-commerce.
Teaching and Communication-Focused Content
With more professionals teaching online, there’s a growing need for upskilling in virtual communication, course planning, and learner engagement.
Courses that focus on organizing content, presenting clearly on camera, or structuring lessons for better retention are highly relevant.
Educators, consultants, and managers alike want to improve how they speak, instruct, and lead online. Lessons that demonstrate the real use of a learning management system, plus modules on feedback loops, live sessions, and video scripting, help bridge the gap between knowledge and delivery.
How to Validate Your Online Course Idea Before Creating It
Before you spend time recording videos or writing lesson content, it's smart to make sure your idea has real demand.
Many online business creators skip this step and end up building courses no one is asking for.
Validation helps you avoid that mistake by confirming interest early so you can build something people actually want to pay for.
Check Search Demand
Start by entering your course topic into Google, look at the autocomplete suggestions, and see if there are consistent search results related to your idea.
You can use free tools like Google Trends to compare search interest over time. If your topic shows steady or rising interest, that’s an early sign people are curious. Keyword tools can also show related search terms and questions people ask.
Research Existing Courses
You must look at popular platforms where creators sell courses and search for topics similar to yours. This will give you an idea of what’s already available and how those courses are performing.
Also, pay attention to the way the content is structured, how many people have enrolled, and how students are reviewing the material.
For example, a complete digital marketing course with active students and good feedback usually indicates a strong market. Rather than seeing other courses as competition, consider them proof that the topic is working.
Ask Your Audience
If you have an existing audience on social media, through email, or even in your personal network, ask what they’re struggling with. Keep it simple, as you don’t need a detailed survey.
One question that invites real answers is often enough to guide you. Even a small group of responses can reveal patterns and confirm what people are willing to pay for.
Build a Simple Pre-Sell Page
You need to create a basic landing page that describes what your course will teach and what someone will be able to do after completing it.
You can include a headline, a summary of your idea, and a way for people to sign up or join a waitlist. This doesn’t need to be a full online business course sales page.
The goal is to measure interest. If people sign up without the course being finished, that’s a good indicator that your topic is strong.
Test With a Live Session
Before building a complete course, you should run a short live session on the topic. This could be a workshop or a small group call.
You’ll be able to observe where people ask questions, what parts they find most helpful, and where they might need more support. You’ll also get the chance to present some online course examples and adjust your content based on what people respond to.
Observe Early Engagement
If you’re sharing posts or videos about your course topic, watch how people interact with it. Even small responses such as comments, replies, or email opens can show you what’s connecting.
Over time, these small factors add up to a more refined and successful online presence, whether you're running a membership, a single course, or growing your own online school.
Effective Ways to Promote Your Online Course
Creating a strong course is just the beginning. But marketing is what determines whether it reaches the right people. Even the best content won’t make an impact if your target audience doesn’t know it exists.
Here are strategies that help you launch and grow with confidence.
Build and Nurture an Audience Before Launch
You don’t need to wait until your course is ready to talk about it. Start building your email list or social media presence during the online course creation phase.
You can use your existing content, including blog posts, videos, and newsletters, to attract your ideal students and warm them up.
Also, you may give away free, helpful content that’s related to your course. A checklist, guide, or template works great. When your course is ready, those people are far more likely to buy because they already trust you.
Position the Course Around a Clear Outcome
Your marketing should answer one question for your audience: What will I be able to do after this? Highlight the transformation, not just the content. Instead of saying, “6 modules and 3 PDFs,” say, “Learn how to build a website and launch it in 10 days.”
Make your offer outcome-driven, and tie every email, landing page, or social post back to that promise.
Use Social Proof
People trust what others say more than what you say about yourself. Share testimonials, reviews, or results from past students (even if it’s a beta version).
If you're just starting, consider running a small test group and gathering feedback before your full launch. You can also share behind-the-scenes course creation to build trust and show your investment in quality.
Optimize Your Website or Sales Page
Make sure your website or sales page clearly communicates who the course is for, what it covers, and how it helps.
You should keep your headlines clear, your pricing easy to understand, and your buttons visible. Every page should guide the reader toward enrolling, whether they’re ready today or just thinking about it.
Use Email Sequences to Educate and Sell
Email marketing remains one of the most reliable tools for selling online. You can set up a simple sequence: a welcome email, a value-packed lesson, a personal story, and your offer. Then, end with reminders and time-limited bonuses to drive action.
This is where you show up consistently, demonstrate your expertise, and prove that your course solves a real problem.
Collaborate With Others in Your Niche
You must reach out to podcasters, YouTubers, or bloggers who serve a similar audience. You don’t have to pitch hard and just offer something useful. A guest article, free training, or joint Q&A can introduce your course to new people while building your brand.
This strategy builds long-term traffic and credibility, especially if you're part of a niche like coaching, martial arts, tech, or wellness.
Focus on One Channel First
Instead of spreading yourself thin across every platform, you only have to pick one: YouTube, LinkedIn, Instagram, or email. Then, focus all your energy there until you start seeing results. It’s easier to scale once you have one reliable channel driving traffic to your course.
For example, if you're teaching students academic or career-related material, LinkedIn may be more appropriate than Instagram.
Use Scarcity and Urgency (Ethically)
People are more likely to act when they feel a deadline. You can use limited-time bonuses, enrollment windows, or live session cutoffs to help them make a decision. Just be honest and fair since manufactured urgency often hurts trust in the long run.
Let your audience know what they’ll miss if they wait and what they’ll gain if they start now.
Repurpose Content From Your Course
You can break small lessons or insights into social media posts, blog articles, or emails. This gives you consistent marketing material without creating everything from scratch.
Plus, it lets potential students preview your teaching style and understand your course value.
You’re reinforcing your message through different formats, even if you’re only starting with a few ideas.
How CustomerHub Helps You Build and Launch Your Online Course
If you're looking for a way to keep things simple while building your course, CustomerHub offers a plug-and-play solution tailored for creators who want to focus on teaching rather than tech.
With everything you need in one place, you can launch faster and grow more confidently.
No Tech Skills Required
CustomerHub is made for creators who want to launch without learning code or hiring developers. You can upload your videos, worksheets, and lessons directly.
You can easily organize content into modules and lessons, mark items as complete, and add checkpoints or prerequisites to structure the student experience. It’s all guided and intuitive, so you can focus on sharing your expertise.
Centralized Course Management
One of CustomerHub’s biggest strengths is its centralized dashboard. You can manage all your digital products, such as courses, memberships, and downloads, from a single dashboard.
This keeps things organized for you and your students. If you make changes to a lesson or add new content, your students can see it right away.
Track Progress and Guide Learning
CustomerHub includes tools that help students stay on track. You can add prerequisites so they complete lessons in the right order, and use progress tracking to show how far they’ve come.
It makes your course feel more structured and keeps learners engaged from start to finish.
Built-In Communication with Students
Instead of using a separate tool for announcements or updates, you can post within CustomerHub using the private member feed.
This is a space where you can share new lessons, updates, or reminders. It keeps your communication simple and focused without sending learners elsewhere.
Easy Integration with Your Tools
CustomerHub integrates with over 7,000 tools via Zapier, including popular services like Stripe, Mailchimp, and Google Sheets.
It allows you to automate workflows like enrollment, email campaigns, and payment tracking without juggling separate systems.
Launch Support When You Need It
CustomerHub offers unlimited chat support if you get stuck. And if you want help to launch quickly, there’s an option for a Done-for-You setup where a team helps you build your course inside the platform.
It’s a way to save time and avoid common roadblocks when getting started.
Turn Your Expertise Into a Scalable Digital Product with CustomerHub!
If you have a list of online course ideas but haven’t taken the next step, now is the time to turn those concepts into something real. If you’re a coach, consultant, or service provider, your knowledge holds long-term value, and packaging it into a course is one of the smartest ways to grow your brand.
CustomerHub gives you everything you need to build, launch, and manage your online course without complicated tech or outside developers. From organizing your content and tracking student progress, it’s built for business owners who want to create courses with ease.
With features like prerequisites, built-in communication, and seamless Zapier integrations, your course will not only look professional but also feel intuitive for your audience.
You don’t need a massive team or months of planning to get started. With CustomerHub, you can go from idea to launch in a fraction of the time.
If you’re ready to stop thinking about launching a course and actually build one that supports your business growth, CustomerHub is the place to start.

Start your free 14-day trial with CustomerHub today!
FAQs About Online Course Ideas
What is the best online course to create?
The best course is one that combines your personal expertise with a clear problem your learners want solved. Popular topics often include business, tech, personal finance, and productivity. But to succeed, your course doesn’t need to follow trends.
It needs to solve something real. If you’re entering the online course business, focus on what you can teach well and where clear demand already exists.
What is the most profitable online course?
Courses that help people improve their income, save time, or solve costly challenges tend to perform best.
For example, you might help freelancers find clients, show business owners how to run ads, or teach how to build a passive income stream. They're course ideas to sell that offer real-world value.
Profitability also depends on your pricing strategy. Some instructors build high-ticket programs with direct coaching, while others earn steadily from smaller, self-paced courses sold at volume. The model depends on your audience, delivery style, and how well you package the offer.
How to choose a topic for an online course?
Choosing the right topic is about balance. It should match your experience, meet real demand, and be easy to teach in a structured format.
Start by listing what people often ask you about. Then, research whether similar courses already exist on your favorite online course platform. If they do, that's often a good sign, not a bad one.
Some of the most effective courses are rooted in simple but powerful transformations. Courses on business communication skills, tech tutorials, or mindset training all perform well when the content is actionable and focused.